Seismic Reflection Method

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			The seismic reflection method is based on bouncing (or reflecting) seismic waves off boundaries between different types of rock in the subsurface (Stein, 2003, pp. 134-157). Seismic reflection profiling is the principal method that the petroleum industry uses to explore for oil and gas-trapping structures in sedimentary rocks. The method has also been used to conduct deep crustal studies. The drawing above illustrates an energy source (explosive charge, weight drop, vibration generator, or other source of seismic waves), several seismic wave paths demonstrating reflection from the top of bedrock to detectors (or geophones) on the land surface. Wave travel times are recorded and the depth and trend of the reflecting surface(s) are calculated. Reflections from a number of underlying reflecting layers can be detected and calculated. Some Useful Links Following are some hyperlinks that can further assist with the evaluation and description of the seismic reflection method: Seismic Reflection Method (USGS Website) - Links to topics related to the seismic reflection method as a geophysical technique to study the subsurface of the earth using sound waves introduced by explosives, vibrating devices, or percussive equipment. Seismic Reflection Method (Website of “Lithoprobe Seismic Processing Facility” at the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada): A description of the seismic reflection method with illustrations. Seismic Methods (New Jersey Geological Survey, USA website) - Description of both the seismic reflection and refraction methods as applied to conducting subsurface exploration with illustrations. USGS maps, products, and publications - Online information resource on the U.S. Geological Survey website.