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The comprehensive BREEZE HAZ PROFESSIONAL product suite includes four dispersion models, four fire models, four explosion models, and a source-term utility.

Dispersion Models:
AFTOX is a Gaussian puff/plume model developed by the U.S. Air Force to model neutrally buoyant gaseous releases. Both gas and liquid (evaporating to a neutrally buoyant gas) sources can be modeled with AFTOX. Source types include point, area, and liquid spill sources.

INPUFF is an integrated Gaussian puff model developed by the U.S. EPA to model buoyant or neutrally buoyant gas releases from a stack. The release duration can be specified as either finite or continuous. Source types include stacks and surface-based releases.

DEGADIS is a dense-gas dispersion model developed by the U.S. Coast Guard/U.S. EPA and is used to determine hydrocarbon flammability levels and toxic concentrations from episodic dense-gas/aerosol releases. Source types include evaporating pools, ground-level gaseous/aerosol and vertical jet releases.

SLAB is a dispersion model that simulates the atmospheric dispersion of denser-than-air releases. The model was developed by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, the USAF Engineering and Services Center, and the American Petroleum Institute. Source types include evaporating pools, vertical/ horizontal jets, and stack releases.

Fire Models:
Confined Pool Fire was originally developed for the Gas Research Institute (GRI) and models a fire that occurs when liquid is ignited in a confined area such as a dike or a tank. The dike may be circular or rectangular. The model calculates the distance to various radiation levels specified by the user and also allows for the calculation of the dynamic temperature rise of a nearby target.

Unconfined Pool Fire was originally developed for the Gas Research Institute (GRI) and models a fire that occurs when an unconfined spreading pool of liquefied fuel gas ignites. The model calculates the distance to various radiation levels specified by the user and calculates the radiation flux as a function of time at a given distance as the pool spreads.

Jet Fire was originally developed for the Gas Research Institute (GRI) and models a fire that may result from the leak or rupture of a pipeline containing a compressed or liquefied gas under pressure. The model calculates the distance to various radiation levels specified by the user and can calculate the dimensions of a high velocity jet flame ensuing from a ruptured pipeline.

BLEVE was originally developed for the Gas Research Institute (GRI) and models a fire that may result from the leak or rupture of a pipeline containing a compressed or liquefied gas under pressure. The model calculates the distance to various radiation levels specified by the user and can calculate the dimensions of a high velocity jet flame ensuing from a ruptured pipeline.

Explosion Models:
U.S. Army TNT Equivalency was based on the work of the U.S. Army. This model uses a proportional relationship between the flammable mass in the cloud and an equivalent weight of TNT and assumes that the entire flammable mass is involved in the explosion and that the explosion is centered at a single location. The model uses one of two blast curves, depending upon whether the explosion being modeled is a surface burst or a free-air burst.

U.K. HSE TNT Equivalency was based on the work of the U.K. Health and Safety Executive (HSE). This model uses a proportional relationship between the flammable mass in the cloud and an equivalent weight of TNT. It assumes that the entire flammable mass is involved in the explosion and that the explosion is centered at a single location.

TNO Multi-Energy treats the explosive potential of the vapor cloud as a corresponding number of equivalent fuel-air charges. The vapor cloud explosion is modeled as a series of sub-blasts with each sub-blast corresponding to a potential blast source within the cloud.

Baker-Strehlow was based on the work of Baker and Strehlow and takes into account the variability of the blast strength by expressing the explosion as a number of fuel-air charges, each with individual characteristics.

Source Term Utility:
EXPERT is a proprietary model developed by BREEZE to calculate source-term parameters needed by dispersion models. EXPERT calculates the key model input parameters (e.g., pool evaporation rate, emission rate, etc.) based on user-specified observables such as chemical property data and storage, release, and ambient meteorological conditions. EXPERT then recommends an appropriate dispersion model based upon the calculated results and seamlessly transfers these results to the dispersion model. The EXPERT algorithms are based primarily upon the EPA's document entitled "Guidance on the Application of Refined Dispersion Models to Hazardous/Toxic Air Pollutant Releases", April 1993.

With BREEZE HAZ PROFESSIONAL, you have all the tools at your fingertips for modeling most accidental chemical release scenarios that result in a dispersing toxic plume, a fire, or an explosion. All models share an intuitive Windows interface that includes a comprehensive chemical database containing more than 140 industrial chemicals. Model output includes:

• Textual summary of model results
• x-y contour plot of concentrations
• Plume cross-section plot (dispersion models)
• Radiation level (fire models)
• Overpressure level (explosion models)

In addition, you can import Windows .BMP and AutoCAD® .DXF files to use as a backdrop for contour plots.  
 

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